D2 values appear in Gage RR equations when using the Average and Range method. The Average and Range method uses constants to estimate Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R). There are two “K” constants “K1” and “K2”. Quality Engineers use them to estimate repeatability and reproducibility. Each of these “K” constants use d2 values in their […]
Estimating Gage Repeatability Using Range Statistics
Estimating Gage Repeatability using Range Statistics for one operator is not all that difficult. Is the same true when estimating Gage Repeatability using Range Statistics when using two operators? Let’s discuss this question in more detail… In a previous post we looked at estimating Gage Repeatability using Range Statistics. In that post we examined one […]
How to Calculate Gage Repeatability Using the Average Range
How to Calculate Gage Repeatability Using the Average Range. I’m often asked to help Quality Engineers better understand how to perform Gage R&R calculations. So I decided to write several posts about the topic. Over the next few weeks I plan to roll out a number of posts I trust will enlighten everyone. In this […]
Reducing Gage RR through multiple readings
Reducing Gage RR can be problematic. Especially when the Gage employed and the process used to a collect the data is the best under the current circumstances. During the Measure phase of Six Sigma a Black Belt will perform a GRR study. This type of Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) quantifies the error in repeatability and […]
Statistical Engineering – Why Are Designed Experiments Important?
Statistical Engineering is becoming popular and Statistically Designed Experiments play a big role in the Discovery Process. From time to time there will be a number of factors a Six Sigma Black Belt or Quality Engineer will need to study. In this case, the Six Sigma Practitioner or Quality Engineer may choose to conduct a […]
Improving Process Capability is a Joint Venture Exercise
Improving process capability is difficult, especially when one party assumes all the responsibility. Recently, I had to support a team getting ready to launch a product. But the customer held up approval since a part feature did not meet specification. Evaluating Process Capability We often use a pre-production run to check the quality of parts. […]
Corporate Culture Affects Productivity In The Workplace
Corporate culture affects productivity when habit-forming systems reinforce poor behaviors and beliefs. Up to now I have discussed how changes to the resources can change the output and affect production and productivity. But, there are two other sources that can have a positive or negative impact on production and productivity. The first is cultural and […]
Computing Process Improvement Cost Savings Using Total Resource Productivity
Computing process improvement cost savings can often be a challenge. In my opinion, Total Resource Productivity (TRP) is a great way to compute project savings. Other methods, such as the Cost of Poor Quality are also great ways to compute projects savings. But, the Cost of Poor Quality requires some accounting maturity to track. It […]